The four functions combine to provide a coordinated, secure, integrated, mobile air defense system. The Patriot system has four major operational functions: communications, command and control, radar surveillance, and missile guidance. The most recent upgrade, called PAC-3, is a nearly total system redesign, intended from the outset to engage and destroy tactical ballistic missiles. Patriot was used initially as an anti-aircraft system, but during 1988, it was upgraded to provide limited capability against tactical ballistic missiles (TBM) as PAC-1 (Patriot Advanced Capability-1). Full-scale development of the system began in 1976 and it was deployed in 1984. The MIM-104 Patriot would combine several new technologies, including the MPQ-53 passive electronically scanned array radar and track-via-missile guidance. In 1976, it was renamed the PATRIOT Air Defense Missile System. In 1975, the SAM-D missile successfully engaged a drone at the White Sands Missile Range. Prior to the Patriot, Raytheon was involved in a number of surface to air missile programs, including FABMDS (Field Army Ballistic Missile Defense System), AADS-70 (Army Air-Defense System – 1970) and SAM-D (Surface-to-Air Missile – Development). 4.5 Service with the United Arab Emiratesįield Army Ballistic Missile Defense System (FABMDS).Israeli MIM-104D batteries shot down two Hamas UAVs during Operation Protective Edge on August 31, 2014, and later, on September 23, 2014, an Israeli Patriot battery shot down a Syrian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 which had penetrated the airspace of the Golan Heights, achieving the system's first shootdown of a manned enemy aircraft. The Patriot system achieved its first undisputed shootdowns of enemy aircraft in the service of the Israeli Air Defense Command. The system was successfully used against Iraqi missiles in 2003 Iraq War, and has also been used by Saudi and Emirati forces in the Yemen conflict against Houthi missile attacks. The Patriot system gained prestige during the Persian Gulf War of 1991 with the claimed engagement of over 40 Iraqi Scud missiles. Department of Defense (DoD) to employ lethal autonomy in combat. Patriot was one of the first tactical systems in the U.S. On December 4, 2012, NATO authorized the deployment of Patriot missile launchers in Turkey to protect the country from missiles fired in the civil war in neighboring Syria. This started in the town of Morąg in May 2010, but was later moved further from the Russian border to Toruń and Ustka due to Russian objections. Poland hosts training rotations of a battery of U.S. Jordan also purchased several second-hand Patriot systems from Germany. South Korea purchased several second-hand Patriot systems from Germany after North Korea test-launched ballistic missiles to the Sea of Japan and proceeded with underground nuclear testing in 2006. Patriot systems have been sold to the armed forces of the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Japan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Taiwan, Greece, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Romania and Sweden. The symbol for Patriot is a drawing of a Revolutionary War–era Minuteman. Patriot was developed at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, which had previously developed the Safeguard ABM system and its component Spartan and hypersonic speed Sprint missiles. Patriot uses an advanced aerial interceptor missile and high-performance radar systems. The system is expected to stay fielded until at least 2040. Army's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system, which is now Patriot's primary mission. In addition to these roles, Patriot has been given the function of the U.S. Army's medium tactical air defense system. Army's primary High to Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) system and replaced the MIM-23 Hawk system as the U.S. The Patriot system replaced the Nike Hercules system as the U.S. The AN/MPQ-53 at the heart of the system is known as the " Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept on Target" which is a backronym for PATRIOT. defense contractor Raytheon and derives its name from the radar component of the weapon system. The MIM-104 Patriot is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied states.
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